Cataracts, loss of vision due to clouding of the eye lens, are often thought to be a curse of advancing years. Actually the problem and corrective surgery can affect people of any age. There are several options to restore focus after removal of the natural lens.

Clouding of the cornea can cause similar symptoms. The treatment is much newer than for cataracts, as it involves transplants of corneal tissue, usually taken from a deceased donor.

Many centuries before the existence of photo sensitive plates and films, the “pin hole lens” was used to make tracings of subjects. “Camera obscura” which is Latin for “veiled chamber”, led to the name for photographic cameras. The smaller the hole, the better the focus, but at the cost of reduced light. Lenses eventually permitted focusing with larger sized holes and more light.

Anyone who has had eyes dilated by an eye doctor has experienced that dramatic loss of focus when the pupils are anything but pin hole lenses. Complete removal of the natural lens in cataract surgery makes focus impossible for most patients.

Before our time, the only restoration of focus after cataract reemoval was by means of spectacles with very thick lenses. Range of focus was limited, and comfort was poor. Development of plastic lenses helped only partly.

Contact lenses provided a nearly natural solution, but still over restricted ranges. However, light weight spectacles can be worn over those contacts with smaller range of focus.

A modern alternative is the intraocular lens (IOL), which is like a miniature contact lens placed inside the eye. First examples were made of materials also used for rigid contact lenses, but soft materials are now an option. Work has been done on multi focal / adaptive IOLs, but there is far less working room inside the eye than in spectacles.

Whether the corrective lens is inside the eye or on the cornea, the result for most cataract patients is good focus at limited range of distances. However variable focus spectacles can be used to complete the range of focus.

Now consider other factors. The base line is those heavy eyeglasses which were uncomfortable for patients of any age, but especially troublesome for children and youth.

The IOL, like contact lenses, can be changed when the focus changes, as is normal for aging. If the implanted IOL is part of the treatment, much adjustment over time can be achieved with contact lenses or spectacles.
The IOL is essentially no care after installation.

Contact lenses can be very difficult to clean and install for very young, very old, or physically impaired people of different ages. Fortunately various extended wear contacts are now available. Because neovascularization is a real concern with long wear of contacts, even with the more permeable new materials, it is practical for care givers to get at least a day’s wear, if not more than 24 hours, for their care receivers.

Are cataracts or clouded corneas of little significance? Certainly not. But the modern treatment options permit almost complete restoration of what most of us would call normal vision. In fact, cataract surgery is now the most frequent form of surgery in the United States, with several million cases in a year.

Isn’t science grand?

Before we get to the invention bifocal contact lens, we need to go back a bit further to see the evolution of contact lenses. The idea of the general principal of a contact lens was made my none other than Leonardo Di Vinci in 1508, yes the famous artists who painted Mona Lisa!! Not only was he a painter he was also a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer. That is a story for another article (a whole book even), so let us get back to the invention of contact lenses.

It wasn’t until the 1800’s that the contact lens made another leap forward. In 1827Sir John Herschel an English astronomer, proposed the idea of making a mould of the wearer’s eyes so contact lenses can be made to conform perfectly to the front of the eye. His idea was slightly ahead of the manufacturing techniques at the time.

Not until 1887 was the idea made into reality by German glassblower F.A. Muller, who made the first glass contact lens. In 1888 Swiss Physician Adolf Fick and Paris Optician Edouard Kalt used Muller’s invention to fit the first glass contact lenses to correct nearsightedness and farsightedness. These lenses were heavy and could only be tolerated for a few hours.

The next significant leap forward came in the 1930s when the first contact lens containing both glass and plastic was introduced by New York Optometrist William Feinbloom. This was the beginning of the modern hard contact lens era. In the late 1940s marks the beginning of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic contact lenses manufactured by California optician Kevin Tuohy. The PMMA evolved, getting smaller and thinner and are still available on the market today.

It wasn’t until the 1950s saw the evolution into the soft contact lens by Czech chemist Dr. Otto Wichterle. His experiments using spinning parts from his son’s bicycle led him to produce the first soft contact lens.  The first commercially produced soft contact lenses were made by Bausch & Lomb in 1971. Over 90% of the contact lenses on the market today are soft contact lenses. Due to their ease of handling and disposable convenience, these lens are perfect for those who no longer want to wear glasses.

The first commercially available bifocal contact lenses (daily wear) were introduced in 1982 and the disposable versions in 1999.

As you can see contact lenses were more of an evolution, with each inventor building and advancing from a previous idea. It took over 500 years to get where we are today but I am sure glad we have this amazing invention that many of us can benefit from.

More on Bifocal Contact Lenses

These lenses are for people who have a condition called presbyopia or the inability to focus on things in close range. If you have to hold that menu at arms length to read it, you might have presbyopia. Some physical symptoms might include blurred vision, headaches, eye strain or eye fatigue. If you are tired of wearing bifocal glasses, bifocal contact lenses might be the perfect solution for you.

Bifocal contact lenses are also known as Multifocal or Progressive contact lenses. They all pretty much serve the same purpose, allowing you to see clearly near and far and all distances in between.

Thank you for taking the time to read this article, I hope you enjoyed it.

Happy contact lens hunting.

A posterior capsule opacity (PCO) is the most common among those few cataract surgery complications, including eye inflammation, infections and a dislocated IOL. The reason for a PCO comes from the lens capsule, which will be maintained during a surgery. About 20% of patients have haziness on their intact posterior capsules, so that even if the lens has been replaced with a successful IOL, the vision is still blurry. A PCO is not a “secondary cataract”. Cataracts will never recur once removed.

A PCO can be treated with a YAG laser capsulotomy, which takes a few minutes and is safe, effective and painless. During the procedure, your doctor will remove the hazy posterior capsule with a laser, eliminating any incision. Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the surgery, with the help of anti-inflammation eye drops. Only 1% of patients may suffer from a detached retina from a YAG laser capsulotomy.

Another complication for a cataract surgery can be mal-positioned IOL, which may lead to double vision or severe visual acuity decrease. There are two underlying reasons that may cause dislocated IOLs: broken capsule bag and dislocated capsule bag. Since the IOL is placed within the extremely thin capsule bag, a broken bag due to accidents may lead to dislocated IOL. The other reason comes from a dislocated capsule bag, which will surely lead to dislocated IOL.

Dislocated IOLs can also result from operational mistakes during the IOL positioning process. Once an IOL dislocation is found, a second procedure to reposition the lens will be taken soon. With proper treatment, dislocated IOLs won’t bring permanent vision problems.

Although the most severe complication may lead to vision loss, complication-free cataract surgeries account for 98% of the total. Other potential complications include minor eye inflammation, retinal detachment, retinal or corneal swelling, eye pressure increase and droopy eyelid. You should always tell your doctor about your floaters, light flashes and curtain-like vision loss, in order to receive immediate treatments.

Article Source:http://vision.firmoo.com/eye-diseases/few-cataract-complications-treatments.html

If you’ve ever seen a movie about vampires or monsters where people have oddly colored eyes, cat eyes or other types of eyes, you’ve seen special effects contact lenses in action. These contact lenses, rather than correct sight (though some are actually prescription as well) create a special effect in the eye.

These lenses come in a wide variety of types and are available to the general public. While certain special effect contact lenses are designed especially for a movie, you can also expect to find similar ones on the public market within a few months after the movie is released.

Styles of Special Effects Contact Lenses

There are so many different types of these contact lenses that you can really get any look you want. For some people, this means simply changing their eye color. Light eyes can easily become any color you like, from green to blue to brown or even purple. Dark eyes are more limited in the options, but can usually go with black, dark green and sometimes a dark blue or purple.

For more zany effects, there are plenty of other options. Everything from the very scary cat eyes or red hellish eyes to more benign smiley face contacts can be had. There are circuit board contacts, zebra or tiger stripes, and just about anything else you can imagine. There are even images available to place in your eyes, so you can have a tiny flower or mountain scene actually placed on your eye.

Not every special effects contact company will provide all of these options, but you’ll find that the catalogs of effects are quite surprising.

Why Use Special Effects Contact Lenses

For some people, it’s a matter of feeling better about themselves. If you don’t like your eye color, for example, being able to change it to something you feel is more acceptable can be a good boost for your self esteem.

For others, it’s about conveying who they are inside. Science fiction fans, for example, might want to use eye color and styles that represent their favorite sci-fi characters. Those who are fascinated by vampires may prefer vampire style eyes while those interested in technology might want to surprise their friends with circuit board eyes.

Special effect contact lenses are usually only used a handful of times. Some are actually one use only and they are completely disposable. This type of contact lens is ideal for Halloween parties or other disguises. If you are in need of a costume for a play, special effect contacts can also come in handy, as with role playing activities.

Should You Use Contact Lenses for Effect?

Not everyone is interested in using contact lenses. If you have eye problems, you might want to talk to your eye doctor before trying special effects contact lenses. They usually aren’t meant for long term use and if you aren’t accustomed to wearing contacts, it is better not to leave them in for very long. Two or three hours is the recommended period for beginning contact lens wear.

If you already use glasses or contact lenses, you can get special effect lenses as prescriptions, too. So, they would just replace your regular contact lenses. Otherwise, glasses can be worn in combination with the contact lenses, though some people find this ruins the effect they are going for. For simple color changes, however, it works fine.

Special effects contact lenses can be a lot of fun to play around with, but they are also very practical if you need a new look. Check out the different options available and choose the ones that suit you.

Very few people will avoid developing cataracts as they grow older. In fact, more than half of all Americans over age 60 have cataracts. While there is no way to reverse or prevent the development of cataracts, today’s advanced cataract treatments can make it much easier to manage cataracts and enjoy excellent vision well into old age.

A cataract is caused by the buildup of proteins found naturally in the lens. This buildup creates the characteristic clouding of the eye’s natural lens. This clouding makes it more difficult for light to reach the retina. The result is blurry vision and light sensitivity. Untreated cataracts may lead to severe vision issues and perhaps blindness.

Types of cataracts:

Nuclear cataracts are the most common, and form in the nucleus of the lens during the natural aging process. Cortical cataracts are common in diabetics, forming in the lens cortex (the outer rim of the lens) and gradually extending to the center of the lens. Subcapsular cataracts are most common in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa, a high degree of farsightedness or who are taking steroids.  These cataracts form at the back of the lens and quickly progress.

Causes of cataracts, while largely unknown, may include:

Ultraviolet radiation Smoking and drinking Eye trauma Medical disorders Medications Free radicals

Symptoms of Cataracts:

Blurry, foggy or cloudy vision Color distortion Difficulty seeing in low light conditions Halos or glare seen around lights Frequent vision prescription changes Vision loss or double vision Decreased depth perception White spots over the pupil

State-of-the-art technology for treating cataracts includes multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs), such as Crystalens®. Millions of Americans have successfully undergone cataract surgery with Crystalens and now enjoy better vision.

Crystalens is a multifocal IOL that offers many benefits beyond the traditional monofocal IOLs. Crystalens provides clear near, far, and intermediate vision and reduces the need for glasses or contact lenses.

Cataract surgery with Crystalens is performed on an outpatient basis. The ophthalmologist numbs the patient’s eyes with anesthetic drops, then uses an eyelid holder to prevent blinking during the procedure. An incision is made near the edge of the iris. The damaged lens is removed and the Crystalens IOL is put into place. This procedure takes less than one hour and requires no stitches.

About ninety-five percent of Crystalens patients report satisfaction with the procedure and increased ease when performing daily tasks at work, at home and at play.

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It is wise to consult a qualified surgeon before undergoing cosmetic laser surgery to avoid any harmful side effects or aftereffects. Payment Options Laser refractive surgery is considered a cosmetic procedure and generally is not covered by medical insurance. Less PainDuring cosmetic surgery, laser energy seals nerve endings as it moves through tissue. The cosmetic laser surgery treatment effectively improves facial redness and flushing, as well as the visible signs of sun damage and aging. A description of the processes and procedures of cosmetic laser surgery Sunlight and gravity cause facial aging. Some of these include laser re-surfacing, photorejuvenation, sun spot removal as well as many other specialized cosmetic surgery procedures. Jeffrey Petersen are board certified dermatologists with specific training and experience in laser, Mohs, and cosmetic surgery.

Participate in an organization dedicated to the excellence of continuing medical education in cosmetic laser surgery. Roberts has taught state-of-the-art techniques in cosmetic and laser surgery to more than 6,000 physicians through various seminars, instructional courses, symposia and workshops. Nowadays, cosmetic laser surgery is being widely used for enlarged noses, which are a cause of embarrassment for many people. There are also lasers for cosmetic surgery that provide pinpoint accuracy. People experiencing partial vision or problems in applying eye shadow often go for cosmetic laser surgery for eyelids. This journal keeps readers informed of scientific developments and activities in cosmetic laser surgery. The ISCLS web site was designed exclusively for cosmetic laser surgeons and consumers interested in cosmetic laser surgery.

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Earlier when eye vision needed to be corrected, people preferred glasses. But glasses often can’t be worn while playing sports, as they slip on nose.

Then came contact lenses which are easy to use and manage, and almost undetectable. The contact lens is made up of thin plastic discs that are curvy at the inside so as to fit easily on the eye surface. The lenses are shaped externally so as rectify and better poor eye sight.

This contact lens is also used to bandage the eyes after surgery. There are also cosmetic benefits of lenses like covering eye’s white scarring with them or changing the color of the eye according to the dress for fashion.

Types of Lenses

Disposable lenses: The disposable contact lens is used for a limited time period that might be a day, a week or a month depending on the type of lens. The disposable lens is good for the people who cannot care and clean the contact lens regularly. The disposable contact lens comes in different colors and according to eyes also.

Gas Permeable lens: The gas permeable lens transmits more oxygen to the eyes so as to provide clarity of vision. These lenses are durable and easy to clean so last up to a year. These lenses are made of semi rigid material with no water so the wearer takes some time to adapt to them.

Flexible and extended wear contacts: These are specially designed so that the wearer can use them continuously for several days. One can also take a nap while using the lenses in eyes. This contact lens allows more oxygen to reach the eye cornea.

Annual soft contact lenses: These lenses prevent eyes from drying as its soft material aid oxygen transmission. These lens need good care, cleansing and storage as used for a complete year.

Cosmetic Lens: Four varieties of cosmetic lenses are in the market. They are light-filtering tints, visibility tints, enhancement tints and opaque color tints. The power value of the lens lies in the center so it needs typical cleaning regime daily. But there are also cosmetic lens that are without visual correction.

The contact lenses can now correct all types of visual defects like Astigmatism.

Caring for your contact lens

While wearing contact lens the person feel comfortable with his vision but proper care of lens is also required for preventing any eye infection. You should keep your contact lenses disinfected and clean as contact lenses get so many deposits on them both from the environment and the eye whilst wearing them.

Tears contain lipids, mucous, proteins and calcium that deposit on the lens. The pollutants in the environment like metal and dust particles from cars and factories embed to lens surface.

So to save contact lenses from these deposits, they should be soaked in eye solutions daily for disinfection. If these deposits remain on the surface of the contact lens, it may lead to redness in the eye and recurrent infections. So daily cleaning of contact lens with surfactant cleaner by rubbing in the palm is very important.

 

Phacoemulsification Eye Surgery

There has been a rapid evolution in cataract treatment over the past few years, which translates to added patient benefits, including improved visual outcomes and faster recoveries.

Cataract surgery is performed using a surgical technique Phaecoemulsification. This technique involves a no-stitch no needle approach that leads to a relatively fast visual recovery. During the surgical procedure the patient is first prepped using a local anesthetic and drops. After the eye has been sterilized the surgeon will make a 2.5 to 3 millimeter incision in the eye. In order to see inside the eye our doctors perform this delicate surgery with a powerful magnifying microscope…

 

Procedure

Phaecoemulsification is a quick outpatient procedure that corrects vision with little discomfort and rapid return to normal activities. It requires a tiny incision and breaks up the cataract with ultrasound waves. Next, a soft, flexible synthetic intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted into the lens capsule of the eye. There is also a multifocal lens option to provide distant, near and intermediate vision…

 

What should I do during surgery ?

During surgery you will be lying on the operating bed. The operating microscope will be in front of you and you will always see the microscope’s bright light. Your face will be covered with sterile drapes and oxygen will be provided under them. You should never touch these drapes…

 

Safe Surgery; Speedy Recovery

Not long ago, cataract surgery required a hospital stay and was usually postponed as long as possible. Today, the procedure is performed on an out-patient basis and takes only a few minutes. Patients are free to return home to rest in comfort and avoid the inconvenience and expense of a hospital stay. In most cases, daily activities such as driving and reading can be resumed almost immediately.

During the surgery, the cloudy lens is removed from the eye. In most cases, the focusing power of the natural lens is restored by replacing it with a permanent intraocular lens implant…

  

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